i) Genetic diversity: the heritable variation within and between populations of organisms. Genetic diversity refers to differences in genetic make-up between distinct species and to genetic variations within single species.
ii) Species diversity: (species richness): Species diversity is measured in relation to a given area - the variety of species1 in terms of number and relative abundance of individuals of different species in a site or habitat. The world's species is estimated between 5 and 30mi spp., however, only 1.4 mi has been named.
NB: not all parts of the globe are equally species-rich.
iii) Ecosystem diversity: A complex system of living organisms (animals, and plants) together with their abiotic environment (soil, water, air, weather) that function together for example mangroves, riverine forests, woodlands and savannahs.
More complex and diversified systems exhibit greater resilience and less vulnerable to environmental stress than do less complex systems.
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